Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder characterized by drastic changes in a person’s mood which cycles between periods of depression and periods of mania. This condition is also sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder. When in a depressive state, a bipolar person may have low energy, persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest and pleasure in activities normally enjoyed, and possibly suicidal ideations. By contrast, symptoms of a manic episode include agitation, decreased need for sleep without loss of energy, rapid speech, impulsive or reckless behavior, and sometimes delusions of grandeur.
There are four types of bipolar disorder:
- Bipolar I Disorder
- Bipolar II Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
- Cyclothymic Disorder
While there is no cure for bipolar disorder, the symptoms can often be managed with the help of mood-stabilizing medications. Some common treatments include Lithium, Depakote and Lamictal. Psychotherapy may also be used in tandem with medication to support and guide recovery. Finally, when medication and therapy fail to adequately relieve the symptoms of bipolar disorder, electroconvulsive therapy has proven beneficial for some people.
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About the author: Miranda Bartholomew is a behavioral health specialist at Aenta Behavioral Health.
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